<?php

namespace WP_Statistics\Utils;

use WP_Statistics\Components\DateRange;
use WP_Statistics\Traits\TransientCacheTrait;
use WP_STATISTICS\DB;
use InvalidArgumentException;
use WP_Statistics\Components\DateTime;

class Query
{
    use TransientCacheTrait;

    private $queries = [];
    private $operation;
    private $table;
    private $fields = '*';
    private $subQuery;
    private $orderClause;
    private $groupByClause;
    private $limitClause;
    private $havingClause;
    private $whereRelation = 'AND';
    private $setClauses = [];
    private $joinClauses = [];
    private $whereClauses = [];
    private $rawWhereClause = [];
    private $valuesToPrepare = [];
    private $allowCaching = false;
    private $decorator;

    /** @var wpdb $db */
    protected $db;

    public function __construct()
    {
        global $wpdb;
        $this->db = $wpdb;
    }

    public static function select($fields = '*')
    {
        $instance            = new self();
        $instance->operation = 'select';

        if (is_array($fields)) {
            $fields = implode(', ', $fields);
        }

        $instance->fields = $fields;

        return $instance;
    }

    public static function update($table)
    {
        $instance            = new self();
        $instance->operation = 'update';
        $instance->table     = $instance->getTable($table);

        return $instance;
    }

    public static function delete($table)
    {
        $instance            = new self();
        $instance->operation = 'delete';
        $instance->table     = $instance->getTable($table);

        return $instance;
    }

    public static function insert($table)
    {
        $instance            = new self();
        $instance->operation = 'insert';
        $instance->table     = $instance->getTable($table);

        return $instance;
    }

    public static function union($queries)
    {
        $instance            = new self();
        $instance->operation = 'union';
        $instance->queries   = $queries;

        return $instance;
    }

    public function set($values)
    {
        if (empty($values)) return $this;

        if ($this->operation === 'update') {
            foreach ($values as $field => $value) {
                $column = '`' . str_replace('`', '``', $field) . '`';

                if (is_string($value)) {
                    $this->setClauses[]      = "$column = %s";
                    $this->valuesToPrepare[] = $value;
                } else if (is_numeric($value) || is_bool($value)) {
                    $this->setClauses[]      = "$column = %d";
                    $this->valuesToPrepare[] = $value;
                } else if (is_null($value)) {
                    $this->setClauses[] = "$column = NULL";
                }
            }
        }

        if ($this->operation === 'insert') {
            $identifiers    = [];
            $placeholders   = [];

            $values = array_filter($values);

            foreach ($values as $field => $value) {
                $identifiers[]  = '%i';

                if (is_string($value)) {
                    $placeholders[] = '%s';
                } else if (is_numeric($value) || is_bool($value)) {
                    $placeholders[] = '%d';
                }
            }

            $this->valuesToPrepare = array_merge(array_keys($values), array_values($values));

            $this->setClauses['identifiers'] = $identifiers;
            $this->setClauses['values']      = $placeholders;
        }

        return $this;
    }


    private function getTable($table)
    {
        if (DB::table($table)) {
            $table = DB::table($table);
        } else {
            $globalTables = $this->db->tables('global');
            if (in_array($table, array_keys($globalTables))) {
                $table = $globalTables[$table];
            } else {
                $table = "{$this->db->prefix}{$table}";
            }
        }

        return $table;
    }

    /**
     * Sets the table for the query.
     *
     * @param string $table The name of the table.
     */
    public function from($table)
    {
        $this->table = $this->getTable($table);
        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Sets the sub-query for the query.
     * Useful for times we want to get fields from a certain sub-query, not table.
     *
     * @param string $subQuery The subquery to be used in the query.
     * @param string $alias The alias to be assigned to the subquery. Defaults to 'sub_query'.
     */
    public function fromQuery($subQuery, $alias = 'sub_query')
    {
        $this->subQuery = "($subQuery) AS {$alias}";
        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Filters the records based on the given date range for a specific field.
     *
     * @param string $field The name of the field to filter by.
     * @param mixed $date The date range to filter by. Either an array of date range, or string date.
     *
     * @example [2024-01-01, 2024-01-31]
     * @example 'today', 'yesterday', 'year', etc...
     * @see TimeZone::getDateFilters() for a list of all supported string dates
     */
    public function whereDate($field, $date)
    {
        if (empty($date)) return $this;

        if (is_array($date)) {
            $from = isset($date['from']) ? $date['from'] : '';
            $to   = isset($date['to']) ? $date['to'] : '';
        }

        if (is_string($date)) {
            $date = DateRange::get($date);
            $from = $date['from'];
            $to   = $date['to'];
        }

        if (!empty($from) && !empty($to)) {
            if (strlen($from) === 10) $from .= ' 00:00:00';
            if (strlen($to) === 10) $to .= ' 23:59:59';

            $condition                  = "$field BETWEEN %s AND %s";
            $this->whereClauses[]       = $condition;
            $this->valuesToPrepare[]    = $from;
            $this->valuesToPrepare[]    = $to;
        }

        // Determine whether caching should be allowed based on the date range
        $this->canUseCacheForDateRange($to);

        return $this;
    }

    public function whereRaw($condition, $values = [])
    {

        if (!empty($values)) {
            $this->rawWhereClause[] = $this->prepareQuery($condition, $values);
        } else {
            $this->rawWhereClause[] = $condition;
        }

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Filters the records based on the given condition.
     *
     * @param string $field The name of the field to filter by.
     * @param string $operator The operator to use for the condition. Supported operators are: '=', '!=', '>', '>=', '<', '<=', 'LIKE', 'NOT LIKE', 'IN', 'NOT IN', 'BETWEEN'.
     * @param mixed $value The value to compare against. For operators 'IN' and 'NOT IN', an array of values can be provided. For operator 'BETWEEN', an array of two values representing the range can be provided.
     */
    public function where($field, $operator, $value)
    {
        if (is_array($value)) {
            $value = array_filter(array_values($value));
        }

        // If the value is empty, we don't need to add it to the query (except for numbers)
        if (!is_numeric($value) && empty($value)) return $this;

        $condition = $this->generateCondition($field, $operator, $value);

        if (!empty($condition)) {
            $this->whereClauses[]  = $condition['condition'];
            $this->valuesToPrepare = array_merge($this->valuesToPrepare, $condition['values']);
        }

        return $this;
    }

    public function whereJson($field, $key, $operator, $value)
    {
        if (is_array($value)) {
            $value = array_filter(array_values($value));
        }

        // If the value is empty, we don't need to add it to the query (except for numbers)
        if (!is_numeric($value) && empty($value)) return $this;

        $field = "JSON_UNQUOTE(JSON_EXTRACT($field, '$.{$key}'))";

        $condition = $this->generateCondition($field, $operator, $value);

        if (!empty($condition)) {
            $this->whereClauses[]  = $condition['condition'];
            $this->valuesToPrepare = array_merge($this->valuesToPrepare, $condition['values']);
        }

        return $this;
    }

    public function whereNotNull($fields)
    {
        if (empty($fields)) return $this;

        if (is_string($fields)) {
            $fields = explode(',', $fields);
        }

        if (is_array($fields)) {
            foreach ($fields as $field) {
                $this->whereClauses[] = "{$field} IS NOT NULL AND {$field} != ''";
            }
        }

        return $this;
    }

    public function whereNull($fields)
    {
        if (empty($fields)) return $this;

        if (is_string($fields)) {
            $fields = explode(',', $fields);
        }

        if (is_array($fields)) {
            foreach ($fields as $field) {
                $this->whereClauses[] = "{$field} IS NULL OR {$field} = ''";
            }
        }

        return $this;
    }


    public function whereRelation($relation)
    {
        if (in_array($relation, ['AND', 'OR'])) {
            $this->whereRelation = $relation;
        }

        return $this;
    }

    protected function generateCondition($field, $operator, $value)
    {
        $condition = '';
        $values    = [];

        switch ($operator) {
            case '=':
            case '!=':
            case '>':
            case '>=':
            case '<':
            case '<=':
            case 'LIKE':
            case 'NOT LIKE':
                // For LIKE and NOT LIKE, remove the '%' from the value
                $rawValue = str_replace('%', '', $value);

                if (is_numeric($rawValue) || !empty($rawValue)) {
                    $condition = "$field $operator %s";
                    $values[]  = $value;
                }
                break;

            case 'IN':
            case 'NOT IN':
                if (is_string($value)) {
                    $value = explode(',', $value);
                }

                if (!empty($value) && is_array($value) && count($value) == 1) {
                    $operator = ($operator == 'IN') ? '=' : '!=';
                    return $this->generateCondition($field, $operator, reset($value));
                }

                if (!empty($value) && is_array($value)) {
                    $placeholders = implode(', ', array_fill(0, count($value), '%s'));
                    $condition    = "$field $operator ($placeholders)";
                    $values       = $value;
                }
                break;

            case 'BETWEEN':
                if (is_array($value) && count($value) === 2) {
                    $condition = "$field BETWEEN %s AND %s";
                    $values    = $value;
                }
                break;

            default:
                /* translators: %s: string value */
                throw new InvalidArgumentException(sprintf(esc_html__('Unsupported operator: %s', 'wp-statistics'), esc_html($operator)));
        }

        if (empty($condition)) return;

        return [
            'condition' => $condition,
            'values'    => $values
        ];
    }

    public function getVar()
    {
        $query = $this->buildQuery();
        $query = $this->prepareQuery($query, $this->valuesToPrepare);

        if ($this->allowCaching) {
            $cachedResult = $this->getCachedResult($query);
            if ($cachedResult !== false) {
                return $cachedResult;
            }
        }

        $result = $this->db->get_var($query);

        if ($this->allowCaching) {
            $this->setCachedResult($query, $result, WEEK_IN_SECONDS);
        }

        return $result;
    }

    /**
     * Retrieves all results from the database based on the built query.
     *
     * @param string|null $decorator Optional decorator class to decorate results.
     * @return array Results from the database query.
     */
    public function getAll()
    {
        $query = $this->buildQuery();
        $query = $this->prepareQuery($query, $this->valuesToPrepare);

        if ($this->allowCaching) {
            $cachedResult = $this->getCachedResult($query);
            if ($cachedResult !== false) {
                return $this->maybeDecorate($cachedResult);
            }
        }

        $result = $this->db->get_results($query);

        if ($this->allowCaching) {
            $this->setCachedResult($query, $result, WEEK_IN_SECONDS);
        }

        return $this->maybeDecorate($result);
    }

    public function decorate($decorator)
    {
        $this->decorator = $decorator;
        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Decorates the result if a decorator is set and the decorator class exists.
     *
     * @param mixed $result The result to decorate. Can be an object or array of objects.
     * @return mixed The decorated result or the original result if no decorator is set or the class does not exist.
     */
    private function maybeDecorate($result)
    {
        // Check if a decorator is set and if the decorator class exists
        if (empty($this->decorator) || !class_exists($this->decorator)) {
            // If no decorator is set or the class doesn't exist, return the original result
            return $result;
        }

        if (is_null($result)) {
            return null;
        }

        $decoratedResult = [];

        // If result is an array, decorate each item individually
        if (is_array($result)) {
            foreach ($result as $item) {
                $decoratedResult[] = new $this->decorator($item);
            }
        }

        // If result is an object, decorate the object itself
        if (is_object($result)) {
            $decoratedResult = new $this->decorator($result);
        }

        // Return the decorated result
        return $decoratedResult;
    }

    public function getCol()
    {
        $query = $this->buildQuery();
        $query = $this->prepareQuery($query, $this->valuesToPrepare);

        if ($this->allowCaching) {
            $cachedResult = $this->getCachedResult($query);
            if ($cachedResult !== false) {
                return $cachedResult;
            }
        }

        $result = $this->db->get_col($query);

        if ($this->allowCaching) {
            $this->setCachedResult($query, $result, WEEK_IN_SECONDS);
        }

        return $result;
    }

    public function getRow()
    {
        $query = $this->buildQuery();
        $query = $this->prepareQuery($query, $this->valuesToPrepare);

        if ($this->allowCaching) {
            $cachedResult = $this->getCachedResult($query);
            if ($cachedResult !== false) {
                return $this->maybeDecorate($cachedResult);
            }
        }

        $result = $this->db->get_row($query);

        if ($this->allowCaching) {
            $this->setCachedResult($query, $result, WEEK_IN_SECONDS);
        }

        return $this->maybeDecorate($result);
    }

    public function execute()
    {
        $query  = $this->buildQuery();
        $query  = $this->prepareQuery($query, $this->valuesToPrepare);
        $result = $this->db->query($query);

        return $result;
    }


    /**
     * Joins the current table with another table based on a given condition.
     *
     * @param string $table The name of the table to join with.
     * @param array|string $on Table keys to join. Acceptable formats: `['table1.primary_key', 'table2.foreign_key']` OR `'table1.primary_key = table2.foreign_key'`.
     * @param array[] $conditions Array of extra join conditions to append. [['field', 'operator', 'value'], ...]
     * @param string $joinType The type of join to perform. Defaults to 'INNER'.
     *
     * @throws InvalidArgumentException If the join clause is invalid.
     */
    public function join($table, $on, $conditions = [], $joinType = 'INNER')
    {
        $joinTable = $this->getTable($table);

        if ((is_array($on) && count($on) == 2) || is_string($on)) {
            $joinClause = "{$joinType} JOIN {$joinTable} AS $table ON ";
            $joinClause .= is_array($on) ? "{$on[0]} = {$on[1]}" : "{$on}";

            if (!empty($conditions)) {
                foreach ($conditions as $condition) {
                    $field    = $condition[0];
                    $operator = $condition[1];
                    $value    = $condition[2];

                    $condition = $this->generateCondition($field, $operator, $value);

                    if (!empty($condition)) {
                        $condition  = $this->prepareQuery($condition['condition'], $condition['values']);
                        $joinClause .= " AND {$condition}";
                    }
                }
            }

            $this->joinClauses[$joinTable] = $joinClause;
        } else {
            throw new InvalidArgumentException(esc_html__('Invalid join clause', 'wp-statistics'));
        }

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Joins the current query with a subquery based on a given condition.
     *
     * @param string $subQuery The subquery to join with.
     * @param array $on Array of table keys to join. The array should contain two elements: the first element is the primary key of the current table, and the second element is the foreign key of the subquery table.
     * @param string $alias The alias to be assigned to the subquery.
     * @param string $joinType The type of join to perform. Defaults to 'INNER'.
     *
     * @throws InvalidArgumentException If the join clause is invalid.
     */
    public function joinQuery($subQuery, $on, $alias, $joinType = 'INNER')
    {
        if (is_array($on) && count($on) == 2) {
            $joinClause          = "{$joinType} JOIN ({$subQuery}) AS {$alias} ON {$on[0]} = {$on[1]}";
            $this->joinClauses[] = $joinClause;
        } else {
            throw new InvalidArgumentException(esc_html__('Invalid join clause', 'wp-statistics'));
        }

        return $this;
    }

    public function orderBy($fields, $order = 'DESC')
    {
        // Validate $order
        if (!in_array(strtoupper($order), ['ASC', 'DESC'])) {
            $order = 'DESC';
        }

        if (!empty($fields)) {
            if (is_string($fields)) {
                $fields = explode(',', $fields);
                $fields = array_map('trim', $fields);
            }

            if (is_array($fields)) {
                $orderParts = [];

                foreach ($fields as $field) {
                    if (preg_match('/^[A-Za-z0-9_]+(\.[A-Za-z0-9_]+)?$/', $field)) {
                        if (strpos($field, '.') !== false) {
                            list($table, $column) = explode('.', $field);

                            $orderParts[] = "`" . esc_sql($table) . "`.`" . esc_sql($column) . "` $order";
                        } else {
                            $orderParts[] = "`" . esc_sql($field) . "` $order";
                        }
                    } else {
                        continue;
                    }
                }
            }

            if (!empty($orderParts)) {
                $this->orderClause = 'ORDER BY ' . implode(', ', $orderParts);
            }
        }

        return $this;
    }

    public function perPage($page = 1, $perPage = 10)
    {
        $page    = intval($page);
        $perPage = intval($perPage);

        if ($page > 0 && $perPage > 0) {
            $offset            = ($page - 1) * $perPage;
            $this->limitClause = "LIMIT {$perPage} OFFSET {$offset}";
        }

        return $this;
    }

    public function groupBy($fields)
    {
        if (is_array($fields)) {
            $fields = implode(', ', $fields);
        }

        if (!empty($fields)) {
            $this->groupByClause = "GROUP BY {$fields}";
        }

        return $this;
    }

    public function having($expression)
    {
        if (!empty($expression)) {
            $this->havingClause = "HAVING {$expression}";
        }

        return $this;
    }

    protected function buildQuery()
    {
        $queryMethod = "{$this->operation}Query";

        if (method_exists($this, $queryMethod)) {
            $query = $this->$queryMethod();
        } else {
            /* translators: %s: string value */
            throw new InvalidArgumentException(sprintf(esc_html__('%s method is not defined.', 'wp-statistics'), $queryMethod)); // phpcs:ignore WordPress.Security.EscapeOutput.ExceptionNotEscaped -- internal exception, message is not rendered to HTML
        }

        return $query;
    }

    public function getQuery()
    {
        $query         = $this->buildQuery();
        $preparedQuery = $this->prepareQuery($query, $this->valuesToPrepare);

        return $preparedQuery;
    }

    protected function prepareQuery($query, $args = [])
    {
        // Only if there's a placeholder, prepare the query
        if (preg_match('/%[i|s|f|d]/', $query)) {
            $query = $this->db->prepare($query, $args);
        }

        return $query;
    }

    protected function selectQuery()
    {
        $query = "SELECT $this->fields FROM ";

        // Append table
        if (!empty($this->table)) {
            $query .= ' ' . $this->table;
            $query .= ' AS ' . $this->removeTablePrefix($this->table);
        }

        // Append sub query
        if (!empty($this->subQuery)) {
            $query .= ' ' . $this->subQuery;
        }

        // Append JOIN clauses
        $joinClauses = array_filter($this->joinClauses);
        if (!empty($joinClauses)) {
            $query .= ' ' . implode(' ', $joinClauses);
        }

        // Append WHERE clauses
        $whereClauses = array_filter($this->whereClauses);
        if (!empty($whereClauses)) {
            $query .= ' WHERE ' . implode(" $this->whereRelation ", $whereClauses);
        }

        if (!empty($this->rawWhereClause)) {
            $query .= empty($this->whereClauses) ? ' WHERE ' : ' ';
            $query .= implode(' ', $this->rawWhereClause);
        }

        // Append GROUP BY clauses
        if (!empty($this->groupByClause)) {
            $query .= ' ' . $this->groupByClause;
        }

        // Append HAVING clauses
        if (!empty($this->havingClause)) {
            $query .= ' ' . $this->havingClause;
        }

        // Append ORDER clauses
        if (!empty($this->orderClause)) {
            $query .= ' ' . $this->orderClause;
        }

        // Append LIMIT clauses
        if (!empty($this->limitClause)) {
            $query .= ' ' . $this->limitClause;
        }

        return $query;
    }

    protected function updateQuery()
    {
        $query = "UPDATE $this->table";

        if (!empty($this->setClauses)) {
            $query .= ' SET ' . implode(', ', $this->setClauses);
        }

        // Append WHERE clauses
        $whereClauses = array_filter($this->whereClauses);
        if (!empty($whereClauses)) {
            $query .= ' WHERE ' . implode(" $this->whereRelation ", $whereClauses);
        }

        if (!empty($this->rawWhereClause)) {
            $query .= empty($this->whereClauses) ? ' WHERE ' : ' ';
            $query .= implode(' ', $this->rawWhereClause);
        }

        return $query;
    }

    protected function deleteQuery()
    {
        $query = "DELETE FROM $this->table";

        // Append WHERE clauses
        $whereClauses = array_filter($this->whereClauses);
        if (!empty($whereClauses)) {
            $query .= ' WHERE ' . implode(" $this->whereRelation ", $whereClauses);
        }

        if (!empty($this->rawWhereClause)) {
            $query .= empty($this->whereClauses) ? ' WHERE ' : ' ';
            $query .= implode(' ', $this->rawWhereClause);
        }

        return $query;
    }

    protected function insertQuery()
    {
        $query = "INSERT INTO $this->table";

        if (!empty($this->setClauses)) {
            $query .= ' (' . implode(', ', $this->setClauses['identifiers']) . ') ';
            $query .= ' VALUES (' . implode( ', ', $this->setClauses['values'] ) . ') ';
        }

        return $query;
    }

    protected function unionQuery()
    {
        $query = '';

        foreach ($this->queries as $key => $value) {
            $this->queries[$key] = "($value)";
        }

        $query = implode(' UNION ', $this->queries);

        // Append ORDER clauses
        if (!empty($this->orderClause)) {
            $query .= ' ' . $this->orderClause;
        }

        // Append LIMIT clauses
        if (!empty($this->limitClause)) {
            $query .= ' ' . $this->limitClause;
        }

        return $query;
    }

    /**
     * @return $this
     * @deprecated Use allowCaching() instead.
     */
    public function bypassCache()
    {
        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Allow caching for the query.
     *
     * @param $flag
     * @return $this
     */
    public function allowCaching($flag = true)
    {
        /**
         * Filter whether to allow caching in WP Statistics Query.
         *
         * @param bool $flag Current allowCaching flag.
         * @param object $query The current Query object.
         */
        $this->allowCaching = apply_filters('wp_statistics_query_allow_caching', $flag, $this);

        return $this;
    }

    public function removeTablePrefix($table)
    {
        $prefixLength   = strlen($this->db->prefix);
        $table          = substr($table, $prefixLength);

        return str_replace('statistics_', '', $table);
    }

    /**
     * Determine whether caching is permissible based on the specified date range.
     *
     * @param string $to The end date of the range.
     * @return void
     */
    protected function canUseCacheForDateRange($to)
    {
        $today = DateTime::get();

        // Cache should be used if the date range does not include today
        if ($to < $today) {
            $this->allowCaching();
        }
    }
}
